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Title: Helminth parasites of the southern sea otter Enhydra lutris nereis in central California,
Description: From October 1997 to May 2001, the gastrointestinal tracts from 162 beach-cast southern sea otters Enhydra lutris nereis were examined for helminth parasites and associated lesions. Carcasses were collected opportunistically in central California between Pt. San Pedro and Pt. Arguello. The primary goals of this study were to examine spatial and temporal variability in mortality due to parasite infection, identify factors associated with increased risk of infection, and illustrate the process of intestinal perforation by Profilicollis spp. Two genera and 4 species of acanthocephalans (Profilicollis altmani, P. kenti, P. major, Corynosoma enhydri) were found in 46.3% (Profilicollis spp.) and 94.4% (C. enhydri) of the carcasses examined. Three species of Digenea (Microphallus pirum, M. nicolli, Plenosoma minimum) were found in 47% of carcasses, at times in massive numbers (>3000 per cm2). This is the first report of the latter 2 species from the sea otter. Mortality resulting from infection by Profilicollis spp. occurred in 13.0% (n = 21) of sampled carcasses, either directly, due to perforation of the intestinal wall and peritonitis (9.9%, n = 16), or indirectly, due to inhibition of host nutrient uptake or depletion of host energy reserves to fight chronic infections (3.1%, n = 5). The most massive infections (<8760 parasites), and all cases of intestinal perforation occurred in carcasses infected by P. altmani and/or P. kenti. Mortality due to infection by Profilicollis spp. occurred more frequently among juvenile and old-adult females (χ2 = 17.479, df = 9, p = 0.045) from sand and mixed habitats in Monterey and Santa Cruz in the north of the sea otter range (χ2 = 9.84, df = 4, p = 0.045). Spatial differences in sea otter mortality coincided with the relative distributions of Profilicollis altmani, P. kenti, and P. major, and may reflect differences in sea otter diet, or differences in intensity of infection in intermediate hosts. Mortality rate due to infection by Profilicollis spp. decreased between 1998 and 2001, though differences were not significant (χ2 = 3.983, df = 3, p = 0.40), and may vary on multi-year cycles due to environmental factors such as density of definitive hosts (e.g. the surf scoter Melanitta perspicillata), or El Niño. Corynosoma enhydri did not cause significant damage to the intestine of the host, even when present in great numbers., Cited By (since 1996):9, CODEN: DAORE, , , Downloaded from: www.int-res.com/articles/dao2003/53/d053p077.pdf (9 June 2014).,
Author: Mayer, Dailey, Miller
Date: 2003-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Taxonomic revision of the agaraceae with a description of Neoagarum gen. nov. and reinstatement of Thalassiophyllum
Description: We confirmed the monophyly of the Agaraceae based on phylogenetic analyses of 6 mitochondrial and 6 chloroplast gene sequences from Agarum, Costaria, Dictyoneurum and Thalassiophyllum species as well as representative species from other laminarialean families. However, the genus Agarum was paraphyletic, comprising two independent clades, A. clathratum/A. turneri and A. fimbriatum/A. oharaense. The latter clade was genetically most closely related to Dictyoneurum spp., and morphologically the species shared a flattened stipe bearing fimbriae (potential secondary haptera) in the mid to upper portion. The phylogenetic position of Thalassiophyllum differed between the two datasets: in the chloroplast gene phylogeny Thalassiophyllum was included in the A. clathratum/A. turneri clade, but in the mitochondrial gene phylogeny, it formed an independent clade at the base of the Agaraceae, the same position it took in the phylogeny when the data from both genomes were combined despite a larger number of bp being contributed by the chloroplast gene sequences. Considering the remarkable morphological differences between Thalassiophyllum and other Agaraceae, and the molecular support, we conclude that Thalassiophyllum should be reinstated as an independent genus. Dictyoneurum reticulatum was morphologically distinguishable from D. californicum due to its midrib, but because of their close genetic relationship, further investigations are needed to clarify species level taxonomy. In summary, we propose the establishment of a new genus Neoagarum to accommodate A. fimbriatum and A. oharanese and the reinstatement of the genus Thalassiophyllum.
Author: Kawai, Hanyuda, Xu, Terauchi, Miyata, Lindstrom, Klochkova, Miller

Title: Pelodera strongyloides infection in Pacific Harbor seals (Phoca Vitulina Richardii) from California
Description: Marine Mammals, Birds & Turtles
Author: McHuron, Miller, Gardiner, Batac, Harvey
Date: 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Comment on Mollet and Cailliet (2002): Confronting models with data,
Description: Cited By (since 1996):1, CODEN: AJMFA, , ,
Author: Miller, Frisk, Fogarty, Mollet, Cailliet
Date: 2003-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Transoceanic dispersal of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis on Japanese tsunami marine debris: An approach for evaluating rafting of a coastal species at sea
Description: Biofouled debris from the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami has landed in the Northeast Pacific and along the Hawaiian Islands since 2012. As of 2017,> 630 biofouled debris items with> 320 living species of algae, invertebrates, and fish have been examined. The invasive mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis was present on> 50% of those items. Size, reproduction, and growth of this filter-feeding species were examined to better understand long-distance rafting of a coastal species. The majority of mussels (79%) had developing or mature gametes, and growth rates averaged 0.075 ± 0.018 SE mm/day. Structural and elemental (barium/calcium) analysis of mussel shells generated estimates of growth in coastal waters (mean = 1.3 to 25 mm total length), which provides an indication of residence times in waters along North America and the Hawaiian Islands prior to landing. Detailed studies of individual species contribute to our understanding of debris as a transport vector and aid efforts to evaluate potential risks associated with marine debris., Article in Press
Author: Miller, Carlton, Chapman, Geller, Ruiz

Title: Mortality of sea lions along the central California coast linked to a toxic diatom bloom,
Description: Over 400 California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) died and many others displayed signs of neurological dysfunction along the central California coast during May and June 1998. A bloom of Pseudo-nitzschia australis (diatom) was observed in the Monterey Bay region during the same period. This bloom was associated with production of domoic acid (DA), a neurotoxin that was also detected in planktivorous fish, including the northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax), and in sea lion body fluids. These and other concurrent observations demonstrate the trophic transfer of DA resulting in marine mammal mortality. In contrast to fish, blue mussels (Mytilus edulus) collected during the DA outbreak contained no DA or only trace amounts. Such findings reveal that monitoring of mussel toxicity alone does not necessarily provide adequate warning of DA entering the food web at levels sufficient to harmful marine wildlife and perhaps humans., Cited By (since 1996):331, CODEN: NATUA, ,
Author: Scholin, Gulland, Doucette, Benson, Busman, Chavez, Cordaro, DeLong, De Vogelaere, Harvey, Haulena, Lefebvre, Lipscomb, Loscutoff, Lowenstine, Marin III, Miller, McLellan, Moeller, Powell, Rowles, Silvagni, Silver, Spraker, Trainer, Van Dolah
Date: 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Dynamics of vibrio with virulence genes detected in Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) off California: Implications for marine mammal health
Description: Given their coastal site fidelity and opportunistic foraging behavior, harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) may serve as sentinels for coastal ecosystem health. Seals using urbanized coastal habitat can acquire enteric bacteria, including Vibrio that may affect their health. To understand Vibrio dynamics in seals, demographic and environmental factors were tested for predicting potentially virulent Vibrio in free-ranging and stranded Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) off California. Vibrio prevalence did not vary with season and was greater in free-ranging seals (29 %, n = 319) compared with stranded seals (17 %, n = 189). Of the factors tested, location, turbidity, and/or salinity best predicted Vibrio prevalence in free-ranging seals. The relationship of environmental factors with Vibrio prevalence differed by location and may be related to oceanographic or terrestrial contributions to water quality. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus, and Vibrio cholerae were observed in seals, with V. cholerae found almost exclusively in stranded pups and yearlings. Additionally, virulence genes (trh and tdh) were detected in V. parahaemolyticus isolates. Vibrio cholerae isolates lacked targeted virulence genes, but were hemolytic. Three out of four stranded pups with V. parahaemolyticus (trh+ and/or tdh+) died in rehabilitation, but the role of Vibrio in causing mortality is unclear, and Vibrio expression of virulence genes should be investigated. Considering that humans share the environment and food resources with seals, potentially virulent Vibrio observed in seals also may be of concern to human health. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York., Marine Mammals, Birds & Turtles Harbor Seals, CODEN: MCBEB
Author: Hughes, Greig, Miller, Byrne, Gulland, Harvey
Date: 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Japanese tsunami marine debris washing ashore in the northwestern United States
Description: Fourteen species of hydroids, including two anthoathecates and 12 leptothecates, are reported from the west coast of North America on debris from the tsunami that struck Japan on 11 March 2011. Six species were found on a dock that stranded at Agate Beach, Newport, Oregon, five from a boat at Gleneden Beach, Oregon, four from a dock in Olympic National Park, Washington, and two from a boat in Grays Harbor, Washington. Obelia griffini Calkins, 1899, the most frequently encountered species, was collected on three of the four derelict substrates. Eight of the species are known to be amphi-Pacific in distribution. Of the rest, at least five (S tylactaria s p . ; Eutima japonica Uchida, 1925; Orthopyxis platycarpa Bale, 1914; Sertularella sp.; Plumularia sp.) are not previously known from the west coast of North America. Hydroids of E. japonica occurred as commensals in the mantle cavity of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819. Obelia griffini, O. gracilis Calkins, 1899 (not its secondary homonym Laomedea gracilis Dana, 1846) and O. surcularis Calkins, 1899 are taken to be conspecific. Of the three simultaneous synonyms, precedence is assigned to the name O. griffini under the Principle of the First Reviser in zoological nomenclature. The species is sometimes regarded as identical with O. dichotoma (Linnaeus, 1758).
Author: Calder, Choong, Carlton, Chapman, Miller, Geller
Date: 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Coccidal infection of the adrenal glands of leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea)
Author: Ferguson, Wellehan, Frasca, Innis, Harris, Miller, Weber, Walden, Greiner, Merigo, Stacy

Title: Introduction to proceedings of the 4th International Otolith Symposium,
Description: , , ,
Author: Miller, Wells, Sogard, Grimes, Cailliet
Date: 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Mass stranding of marine birds caused by a surfactant-producing red tide,
Description: In November-December 2007 a widespread seabird mortality event occurred in Monterey Bay, California, USA, coincident with a massive red tide caused by the dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea. Affected birds had a slimy yellow-green material on their feathers, which were saturated with water, and they were severely hypothermic. We determined that foam containing surfactant-like proteins, derived from organic matter of the red tide, coated their feathers and neutralized natural water repellency and insulation. No evidence of exposure to petroleum or other oils or biotoxins were found. This is the first documented case of its kind, but previous similar events may have gone undetected. The frequency and amplitude of red tides have increased in Monterey Bay since 2004, suggesting that impacts on wintering marine birds may continue or increase., Cited By (since 1996):21, Art. No.: e4550, ,
Author: Jessup, Miller, Ryan, Nevins, Kerkering, Mekebri, Crane, Johnson, Kudela
Date: 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Seabird bycatch in Alaska demersal longline fishery trials: A demographic summary,
Description: The seasonal and spatial demographics are summarized for seabirds killed incidentally during gear modification trials for a demersal longline fishery in the Bering Sea. We examined 417 carcasses, including Northern Fulmar Fulmarus glacialis (n = 205), Glaucous-winged Gull Larus glaucescens (n = 103), Short-tailed Shearwater Puffinus tenuirostris (n = 48), Glaucous Gull Larus hyperboreus (n = 23), Slaty-backed Gull Larus schistisagus (n = 4), Black-legged Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla (n = 1), Laysan Albatross Diomedea immutabilis (n = 1), and unidentified gull species Larus spp. (n = 32). There was a significant male bias in the sex ratio of fulmars but not of gulls or shearwaters. For the top three species killed, the age composition of resident species was dominated numerically by adults (Northern Fulmar-86%; Glaucous-winged Gull-63%), whereas migrant species were primarily immature birds (Short-tailed Shearwater-71%). The majority of migratory Short-tailed Shearwaters (88%) were caught in July and August, whereas 70% of resident fulmars and gulls were caught in October and November. Age-class frequencies did not differ by month of capture, indicating that adult mortality is substantial. Eighty percent of the fulmars caught during July and August were within 200 km of two colonies in the Bering Sea, whereas only 7% of fulmars were caught in the same area during September to November. This is one of the first demographic summaries of seabird bycatch in Alaska longline fisheries. Additional studies of the species, age and sex of seabirds subject to fisheries-related mortality will provide data necessary to evaluate population-level impacts., Cited By (since 1996):1, ,
Author: Phillips, Nevins, Hatch, Ramey, Miller, Harvey
Date: 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Porifera (Sponges) from Japanese Tsunami Marine Debris arriving in the Hawaiian Islands and on the Pacific coast of North America
Description: Twelve species of sponges (Calcarea and Demospongiae) were found on Japanese Tsunami Marine Debris (JTMD) that washed ashore in Oregon, Washington, and Hawai‘i. All taxa but one determined to species level are amphi-Pacific, with three having type localities in California (Leucosolenia eleanor Urban, 1906, Hymeniacidon sinapium de Laubenfels, 1930, and Mycale macginitei de Laubenfels, 1930). Haliclona xena de Weerdt, 1986, known previously only from western Europe (and where it is regarded as introduced from an unknown region) is here newly reported from the Tohoku coast of Honshu, as is Halisarca “dujardini Johnston, 1842”. Five species (Mycale macginitei, Hymeniacidon sinapium, Ute sp., Haliclona xena and Halisarca “dujardini”) were observed only once. Multiple lines of evidence (including lack of colonization by uniquely Eastern Pacific sponge species, the arrival in Hawai‘i of some of the same species whose only possible origin was Japan, and the low probability of coastal sponge larvae colonizing JTMD in the open ocean) indicate that the sponges on JTMD originate from the Western Pacific. Several species of sponges may have completed multiple generations on these long-distance rafts.
Author: Elvin, Carlton, Geller, Chapman, Miller

Title: A Random Ladder Game: Permutations, Eigenvalues, and Convergence
Author: Lange, Miller

Title: Sentinel Animals in a One Health Approach to Harmful Cyanobacterial and Algal Blooms
Author: Backer, Miller

Title: The challenge of managing nearshore rocky reef resources,
Description: Nearshore temperate reefs are highly diverse and productive habitats that provide structure and shelter for a wide variety of fishes and invertebrates. Recreational and commercial fisheries depend on nearshore reefs, which also provide opportunities for non-extractive recreational activities such as diving. Many inhabitants of nearshore temperate reefs on the west coast of North America have very limited home ranges as adults, and recent genetic evidence indicates that the dispersion of the larval stages is often restricted to tens of kilometers. Management of temperate reef resources must be organized on very small spatial scales in order to be effective, offering unique technical challenges in terms of assessment and monitoring. New enabling legislation could assist in specifying mandates and adjusting institutional design to allow stakeholders and concerned citizens to formulate management policies at local levels, and to aid in implementing and enforcing these policies., Cited By (since 1996):12, Ecology, ,
Author: Gunderson, Parma, Hilborn, Cope, Fluharty, Miller, Vetter, Heppell, Greene
Date: 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Sentinel Animals in a One Health Approach to Harmful Cyanobacterial and Algal Blooms
Author: Backer, Miller

Title: Lesions and behavior associated with forced copulation of juvenile Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi) by southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis),
Description: Nineteen occurrences of interspecific sexual behavior between male southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) and juvenile Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi) were reported in Monterey Bay, California, between 2000 and 2002. At least three different male sea otters were observed harassing, dragging, guarding, and copulating with harbor seals for up to 7 d postmortem. Carcasses of 15 juvenile harbor seals were recovered, and seven were necropsied in detail by a veterinary pathologist. Necropsy findings from two female sea otters that were recovered dead from male sea otters exhibiting similar behavior are also presented to facilitate a comparison of lesions. The most frequent lesions included superficial skin lacerations; hemorrhage around the nose, eyes, flippers, and perineum; and traumatic corneal erosions or ulcers. The harbor seals sustained severe genital trauma, ranging from vaginal perforation to vagino-cervical transection, and colorectal perforations as a result of penile penetration. One harbor seal developed severe pneumoperitoneum subsequent to vaginal perforation, which was also observed in both female sea otters and has been reported as a postcoital lesion in humans. This study represents the first description of lesions resulting from forced copulation of harbor seals by sea otters and is also the first report of pneumoperitoneum secondary to forced copulation in a nonhuman animal. Possible explanations for this behavior are discussed in the context of sea otter biology and population demographics., Marine Mammals, Birds & Turtles, ,
Author: Harris, Oates, Staedler, Tinker, Jessup, Harvey, Miller
Date: 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z