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Title: Techniques for enhancing vertebral bands in age estimation of California elasmobranchs
Description: Vertebrae from 1,152 elasmobranchs representing 22 species were collected between 1979 and 1981 to assess methods of enhancing incremental growth bands for age estimation. Thus far, we have tested methods previouslyreported in the literature, and have developed new procedures to enhance growth increments on 684 individuals of 14 species of elasmobranchs. Silver nitrate impregnation, X-radiograpby, and cedarwood oil clearing were the most successful techniques. Less effeetive were alizarin red staining, paraffin impregnation, alcohol immersiorn, and formic acid etching. Methods for preparing vertebrae and enhancing and counting growth increments are presented, and the problems associated with interpreting tile annual nature of such counts are discussed.
Author: Cailliet, Martin, Kusher, Wolf, Welden, Prince, Pulos
Date: 1983-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Age and growth determination of the bat ray, Myliobatis californica Gill, in central California,
Description: , , ,
Author: Martin, Cailliet
Date: 1988-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Vertex: Phytoplankton/iron studies in the Gulf of Alaska,
Description: VERTEX studies were performed in the Gulf of Alaska in order to test the hypothesis that iron deficiency was responsible for the phytoplankton's failure to remove major plant nutrients from these waters. In view of the observed Fe distributions and the results of phytoplankton Fe enrichment experiments, it was concluded that Gulf of Alaska atmospheric Fe input rates are sufficient to support moderately high rates of primary productivity; however, not enough Fe is available to support the high growth rates that would lead to normal major nutrient depletion. Enhanced Fe input does occur along the Alaska continental margin, where normal NO 3 surface depletion is observed. Coccolithophorids appear to be best able to cope with low Fe conditions; however, they cannot compete with diatoms when Fe is readily available. Iron may be more important than available N in determining global rates of phytoplankton new production. Offshore Pacific Ocean water, replete with major nutrients, appears to be infertile without supplemental iron from the atmosphere or continental margin. © 1989., Cited By (since 1996):399, ,
Author: Martin, Gordon, Fitzwater, Broenkow
Date: 1989-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Iron, primary production and carbon-nitrogen flux studies during the JGOFS North Atlantic bloom experiment,
Description: Primary production was measured every other day towards the end (18-31 May) of the 1989 North Atlantic spring bloom. Rates varied with light and averaged 90.4 mmol C m -2 day -1 at the 47°N, 20°W station. Productivities measured south of Iceland (59°30′N, 20°45′W) were somewhat lower, averaging 83.6 mmol C m -2 day -1. Carbon and nitrogen fluxes were estimated using free-floating, VERTEX type particle trap arrays. To obtain mean rates representative of the North Atlantic spring bloom, flux data from three trap deployments were combined and fitted to normalized power functions:. mmol C m -2 day -1 = 14.35 (z/100) -0.946, mmol N m -2 day -1 = 2.34(z/100) -1.02, with depth z in meters. Regeneration rates were:. mmol C m -2 day -1 = 0.136(z/100) -1.946, mmol N m -2 day -1 = 0.0239(z/100) -2.02. The carbon export rate from the upper 35 m for the entire NABE study period (24 April to 1 June) was 39 mmol m -2 day -1. This value divided by the averaged productivity for the entire study (86 mmol N m -2 day -1) gave an F-ratio of 0.45. Concentrations of Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined in water samples provided by JGOFS NABE scientists involved with primary productivity measurements. Although little contamination was observed for Cu, Ni and Pb, relatively large amounts of Zn (10 nmol kg -1) were found in some cases. In subsequent studies it was learned that this quantity of Zn can depress productivity rates by 25%. North Atlantic dissolved Fe concentrations were similar to those occurring in the Pacific (surface = 0.07; deep = 0.5-0.6 nmol kg -1). Although no evidence of Fe deficiency was found in enrichment experiments, the addition of nmol amounts of Fe did increase CO 2 uptake and POC formation by factors of 1.3-1.7. In this region, most of the phytoplankton's Fe requirement is probably met via the lateral transport of Fe from distant continental margins., Cited By (since 1996):170, CODEN: DSROE, ,
Author: Martin, Fitzwater, Michael Gordon, Hunter, Tanner
Date: 1993-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Elevated concentrations of mercury in mussels (Mytilus californianus) associated with pinniped colonies,
Description: The geographic distribution of mercury concentrations in the California mussel Mytilus californianus, collected from 1977-1978 at 43 sites along the western coastline of the continental United States is marked by consistently elevated levels at two locations. These two sites, which are relatively isolated from anthropogenic inputs and mercury-rich minerals, both contain large pinniped and marine bird populations. The relatively elevated mercury levels measured in the excrement of a pinniped from one of those locales indicate that the concentrated discharge of mercury-rich waste products from the marine ecosystem's top carnivores is contaminating lower trophic levels., Cited By (since 1996):1, Ecology, CODEN: MBIOA, ,
Author: Flegal, Stephenson, Martin, Martin
Date: 1981-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Notes on the JGOFS North Atlantic Bloom Experiment-dissolved organic carbon intercomparison,
Description: Using high temperature catalytic oxidation (HTCO), personnel from four laboratories analyzed water samples collected during the JGOFS North Atlantic Bloom study for their dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content. In general, good agreement was obtained. Values obtained on samples filtered and frozen compared well with those analyzed immediately after collection. DON analyses of the same frozen samples did not co-vary with DOC; thus far, DON results have only been reported by Moss Landing Marine Laboratories. © 1993., Cited By (since 1996):7, CODEN: MRCHB, ,
Author: Fitzwater, Martin
Date: 1993-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Mercury-selenium-bromine imbalance in premature parturient California sea lions,
Description: High premature birth rates have been observed in the rookeries of the California sea lion Zalophus californianus since 1968. The reasons for the premature pupping are complex and, hence, not well understood, although leptospirosis infection and elevated PCB and DDT residues have been implicated. We were interested in determining what role trace and major elements played in these events. Livers and kidneys from 10 normal parturient and 10 premature parturient mothers and their pups were analyzed for Hg, Se, Br, Cd, Ag, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, K, Na, Ca, and Mg in order to detect differences that might exist between the two groups. A further objective was to establish how these elements varied in relation to each other in the normal and abnormal sea lions. Our results revealed that Hg, Se, Cd, and Br levels were significantly higher in the livers of the normal mothers and that these elements were all in balance (highly correlated) with each other. This was especially true for Hg, Se, and Br. In mothers with high concentrations of these elements (e.g. Hg greater than 800 μg/g dry weight), atomic ratios of approximately 1Hg:1Se:1Br were observed. Atomic Se:Hg ratios were also near unity in the abnormal mothers; however, Br concentrations were always severely depressed in these individuals. Normal full-term pups had higher hepatic levels of Hg and Se, and near-perfect 1:1 Se:Hg atomic ratios were almost always observed. In contrast, the livers of the premature pups appeared to be deficient in Hg, and, consequently, elevated Se:Hg ratios were always found. In almost all cases, the premature pups had increased concentrations of Na, Ca, and Br. Levels of these elements were correlated with their Se:Hg ratios. Amounts of Mn and Cu were reduced in the premature pups and negatively correlated with Se:Hg ratios. The results suggest that balance between elements is of more importance than absolute concentration when the possible effects of toxic elements are considered. It also appears that bromine may be important in the detoxification process involving Se and Hg and perhaps Cd as well; i.e., every mother that had Br in balance with Hg, Cd, and Se had a normal pup, while every mother that lacked sufficient Br had a premature pup. The question of whether Hg detoxifies Se is also raised. All the normal pups had Se:Hg atomic ratios of less than 2.2, while all the premature pups had reduced Hg amounts and Se:Hg ratios above 3.4. © 1976 Springer-Verlag., Cited By (since 1996):11, CODEN: MBIOA, ,
Author: Martin, Elliott, Anderlini, Girvin, Jacobs, Risebrough, Delong, Gilmartin
Date: 1976-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Iron deficiency limits phytoplankton growth in Antarctic waters,
Description: Enrichment experiments were performed in the Ross Sea to test the hypothesis that iron deficiency is responsible for the phytoplankton's failure to use up the luxuriant major nutrient supplies found in these and all other offshore Antarctic ocean waters. The results suggest that Fe deficiency is the primary reason that the present-day southern ocean biological pump is shut off. In contrast, iron was 50 times more abundant during the last glacial maximum; greater Fe availability may have stimulated the biological pump and contributed to the ice age drawdown of atmospheric CO 2. These results also imply that large-scale southern ocean Fe fertilization is feasible, at least in terms of the total amounts of Fe required; i.e., 100 000 to 500 000 tons yr -1., Cited By (since 1996):277, , , Downloaded from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/GB004i001p00005/pdf (9 June 2014).
Author: Martin, Fitzwater, Gordon
Date: 1990-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Validation of ultrasound as a noninvasive tool to measure subcutaneous fat depth in leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea)
Description: Leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) undergo substantial cyclical changes in body condition between foraging and nesting. Ultrasonography has been used to measure subcutaneous fat as an indicator of body condition in many species but has not been applied in sea turtles. To validate this technique in leatherback turtles, ultrasound images were obtained from 36 live-captured and dead-stranded immature and adult turtles from foraging and nesting areas in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Ultrasound measurements were compared with direct measurements from surgical biopsy or necropsy. Tissue architecture was confirmed histologically in a subset of turtles. The dorsal shoulder region provided the best site for differentiation of tissues. Maximum fat depth values with the front flipper in a neutral (45–90°) position demonstrated good correlation with direct measurements. Ultrasound-derived fat measurements may be used in the future for quantitative assessment of body condition as an index of health in this critically endangered species.
Author: Harris, Benson, James, Martin, Stacy, Daoust, Rist, Work, Balazs, Seminoff
Date: 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: The case for iron,
Description: Excess major nutrients occur in offshore areas ranging from the tropical equatorial Pacific to the polar Antarctic. In spite of the great ecological differences in these environments, they share a common trait: iron deficiency. All of these areas are far from Fe-rich terrestrial sources and atmospheric dust loads in these regions are amongst the lowest in the world. Experiments were performed in three nutrient-rich areas: The Gulf of Alaska, the Ross Sea, and the equatorial Pacific. In general, populations without added Fe doubled at rates 11-40% of the expected maxima at various temperatures. The addition of nanomole quantities of Fe increased these doubling rates by factors of 2-3. In spite of the lack of Fe, tightly coupled phytoplankton/zooplankton communities seem to inhabit these major nutrient-rich areas. -from Authors, Cited By (since 1996):341, Oceanography, , , Downloaded from: aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_36/issue_8/1793.pdf (16 June 2014).
Author: Martin, Gordon, Fitzwater
Date: 1991-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Iron deficiency limits phytoplankton growth in the north-east Pacific subarctic,
Description: An interesting oceanographic problem concerns the excess major plant nutrients (PO 4, NO 3, SiO 3) occurring in offshore surface waters of the Antarctic 1-3 and north-east Pacific subarctic Oceans 4. In a previous study 5, we presented indirect evidence suggesting that inadequate Fe input was responsible for this limitation of growth; recently we had the opportunity to seek direct evidence for this hypothesis in the north-east Pacific subarctic. We report here that the addition of nmol amounts of dissolved iron resulted in the nearly complete utilization of excess NO 3, whereas in the controls-without added Fe-only 25% of the available NO 3 was used. We also observed that the amounts of chlorophyll in the phytoplankton increased in proportion to the Fe added. We conclude that Fe deficiency is limiting phytoplankton growth in these major-nutrient-rich waters., Cited By (since 1996):854, ,
Author: Martin, Fitzwater
Date: 1988-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Glacial-interglacial CO2 change: The iron hypothesis,
Description: Several explanations for the 200 to 280 ppm glacial/interglacial change in atmospheric CO2 concentrations deal with variations in southern ocean phytoplankton productivity and the related use or nonuse of major plant nutrients. An hypothesis is presented herein in which arguments are made that new productivity in today's southern ocean (7.4 × 1013 g yr-1) is limited by iron deficiency, and hence the phytoplankton are unable to take advantage of the excess surface nitrate/phosphate that, if used, could result in total southern ocean new production of 2.3 × 1015 g C yr-1. As a consequence of Fe-limited new productivity, Holocene interglacial CO2 levels (preindustrial) are as high as they were during the last interglacial (~ 280 ppm). -from Author, Cited By (since 1996):759, ,
Author: Martin
Date: 1990-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Long-term trends in DDT, polychlorinated biphenyls, and chlordane in California mussels,
Description: The California State Mussel Watch program is a long-term monitoring program conducted by the State Water Resources Control Board and the Department of Fish and Game. In a fifteen year time span, from 1977-1992, mussels were collected at 378 stations. From these stations, 47 were chosen to conduct statistical analysis based on the criteria that they had been sampled at least 6 times for total DDTs, total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and total chlordanes. Declines of total DDTs and chlordanes were noted at approximately half of the stations. Declines of total PCBs were noted at approximately one-quarter of the stations. Declines of PCBs but not DDTs in mussels near Los Angeles County's sewer discharge corresponded to declines of these contaminants in treated effluent., Cited By (since 1996):29, Invertebrates, Ecology, CODEN: AECTC, ,
Author: Stephenson, Martin, Tjeerdema
Date: 1995-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Iron still comes from above,
Description: Cited By (since 1996):19, , ,
Author: Martin
Date: 1991-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Chronic oiling of marine birds in California by natural petroleum seeps, shipwrecks, and other sources
Description: We assessed temporal and spatial patterns of chronic oiling of seabirds in California during 2005-2010, using data on: (1) live oiled birds reported to the Oiled Wildlife Care Network (OWCN) from throughout the state, and (2) dead oiled birds found during systematic monthly beached-bird surveys in central California. A mean of 245 (±141 SD) live miscellaneous oiled birds (not associated with known oil spills) were reported to the OWCN per year, and 0.1 oiled dead birds km-1 per month were found on beach surveys in central California. Chemical fingerprinting of oiled feathers from a subset of these birds (n = 101) indicated that 89% of samples tested were likely from natural petroleum seeps off southern and central California. There was a pronounced peak during late winter in the number of oiled birds reported in southern California, which we theorize may be related to large storm waves disturbing underwater seeps. © 2013., Marine Mammals, Birds & Turtles, Article in Press
Author: Henkel, Nevins, Martin, Sugarman, Harvey, Ziccardi
Date: 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: High copper concentrations in squid livers in association with elevated levels of silver, cadmium, and zinc,
Description: Cited By (since 1996):71, CODEN: MBIOA, Livers from 43 Loligo opalescens, 14 Ommastrephes bartrami, and 7 Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis were analyzed for their silver, cadmium, copper, zinc and iron contents. Copper concentrations of up to 15,000 μg/g dry weight were found in L. opalescens in conjunction with significant correlations between this element and Ag, Cd and Zn. The latter elements are known to affect Cu metabolism in terrestrial organisms; however, whether the correlations occurring in marine organisms represent casual, or cause and effect, relationships is as yet unknown., ,
Author: Martin, Flegal
Date: 1975-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Iron in Antarctic waters,
Description: WE are testing the hypothesis that Antarctic phytoplankton suffer from iron deficiency 1-3 which prevents them from blooming and using up the luxuriant supplies of major nutrients found in vast areas of the southern ocean. Here we report that highly productive 4 (∼3 g Cm -2 day -1), neritic Gerlache Strait waters have an abundance of Fe (7.4 nmol kg -1) which facilitates phytoplankton blooming and major nutrient removal, while in low-productivity 4 (∼0.1 g Cm -2 day -1), offshore Drake Passage waters, the dissolved Fe levels are so low (0.16 nmol kg -1) that the phytoplankton are able to use less than 10% of the major nutrients available to them. The verification of present-day Fe deficiency is of interest as iron-stimulated phytoplankton growth may have contributed to the drawing down of atmospheric CO 2 during glacial maxima 2,3; it is also important because oceanic iron fertilization aimed at the enhancement of phytoplankton production may turn out to be the most feasible method of stimulating the active removal of greenhouse gas CO 2 from the atmosphere, if the need arises (J.H.M., manuscript in preparation)., Cited By (since 1996):449, CODEN: NATUA, ,
Author: Martin, Gordon, Fitzwater
Date: 1990-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Aspects of reproduction in the bat ray, Myliobatis californica, in central California,
Description: , , ,
Author: Martin, Cailliet
Date: 1988-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Testing the iron hypothesis in ecosystems of the equatorial Pacific Ocean,
Description: The idea that iron might limit phytoplankton growth in large regions of the ocean has been tested by enriching an area of 64 km 2 in the open equatorial Pacific Ocean with iron. This resulted in a doubling of plant biomass, a threefold increase in chlorophyll and a fourfold increase in plant production. Similar increases were found in a chlorophyll-rich plume down-stream of the Galapagos Islands, which was naturaly enriched in iron. These findings indicate that iron limitation can control rates of phytoplankton productivity and biomass in the ocean., Cited By (since 1996):749, Oceanography, CODEN: NATUA, ,
Author: Martin, Coale, Johnson, Fitzwater, Gordon, Tanner, Hunter, Elrod, Nowicki, Coley, Barber, Lindley, Watson, Van Scoy, Law, Liddicoat, Ling, Stanton, Stockel, Collins, Anderson, Bidigare, Ondrusek, Latasa, Millero, Lee, Yao, Zhang, Friederich, Sakamoto, Chavez, Buck, Kolber, Greene, Falkowski, Chisholm, Hoge, Swift, Yungel, Turner, Nightingale, Hatton, Liss, Tindale
Date: 1994-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Widespread fluid expulsion on a translational continental margin: Mud volcanoes, fault zones, headless canyons, and organic-rich substrate in Monterey Bay, California,
Description: Remotely operated vehicle (ROV)-based mapping of tectonic features, zones of anomalous reflectivity, and geomorphic targets in Monterey Bay, California, demonstrates the regional abundance of fluid expulsion along the active transform margin between the Pacific and North American plates. Cold seeps - extant communities characterized by chemosynthetic bivalves, bacterial mats, and rare tubeworms - are the surface manifestations of present-day fluid expulsion of sulfide- and methane-rich fluids, whereas slabs, veins, and chimneys of authigenic carbonate represent regions of either dormant methane-rich fluid expulsion, or areas where the present rate of flow is too low to support chemosynthetic fauna. We have found both active and dormant fluid seepage along fault zones, at the surface expression of mud volcanoes, on organic-rich or permeable substrate, and within headless canyons across a wide range of depths within Monterey Bay. The fluid egress at these sites may be driven by a combination of (1) pore-space reduction caused by rapid sedimentation and/or tectonic compaction related to residual Pacific-North America compression, and (2) increased buoyancy due to a decrease in pore-fluid density related to diagenesis and/or catagenesis at depth. Although provocative, the relationship between topographically driven aquifer discharge and sea-floor fluid expulsion remains speculative for Monterey Bay. The widespread distribution of fluid expulsion features controlled by a variety of conduits in Monterey Bay implies that cold seeps may be common features on translational margins., Cited By (since 1996):60, CODEN: BUGMA, ,
Author: Orange, Greene, Reed, Martin, McHugh, Ryan, Maher, Stakes, Barry
Date: 1999-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: U.S. "Mussel watch" 1976-1978: An overview of the trace-metal, DDE, PCB, hydrocarbon, and artificial radionuclide data,
Description: Data are presented for trace metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), aromatic hydrocarbons and 239,240Pu in Mytilus edulis, M. californianus, and Crassostrea sp. colected in the U.S. Mussel Watch program in 1976-1978 from 62 locations on the U.S. east and west coasts. General similarities in geographical distributions of concentrations were present in all 3 years with at least an order of magnitude elevation of concentrations of Pb, PCBs, and fossil fuel hydrocarbons in bivalves sampled near the larger urban areas. Elevated Cd and 239,240Pu concentrations in bivalves from the central California coast are apparently related to enrichments of Cd and nuclear weapons testing fallout 239,240Pu in intermediate depth water of the North Pacific and upwelling of this water associated with the California Current system. Our data have revealed no evidence of local or regional systematic elevations of environmental concentrations of 239,240Pu as a result of effluent releases from nuclear power reactors. © 1983 American Chemical Society., Cited By (since 1996):159, ,
Author: Farrington, Goldberg, Risebrough, Martin, Bowen
Date: 1983-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: The carbon balance during the 1989 spring bloom in the North Atlantic Ocean, 47°N, 20°W,
Description: We report on studies of the carbon balance of the upper water column, done as part of the JGOFS North Atlantic Bloom Experiment, over a 13-day period, at 47°N, 20°W, during the 1989 spring phytoplankton bloom. Gross carbon production was calculated from data on 18O gross O 2 production and from 14C production as well. Net carbon production was calculated from net O 2 production rates measured in vitro, as well as from changes in the inventories of nutrients and O 2 along with O 2 evasion rates by gas exchange. Gross carbon production during this period was measured to be 1.83 mol m -2, and net production was 0.68 mol m -2. Of this net carbon production, 0.30 mol m -2 was stored in the euphotic zone as particulate organic carbon, and 0.09 mol m -2 rained out to depths >150 m. The remainder was remineralized to DIC in the 50-150 m depth interval, with perhaps some DOC storage in the upper 150 m. © 1992., Cited By (since 1996):55, Oceanography, ,
Author: Bender, Ducklow, Kiddon, Marra, Martin
Date: 1992-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Northeast Pacific iron distributions in relation to phytoplankton productivity,
Description: Dissolved and particulate Fe concentrations, measured at three deep ocean stations on a 1600 km inshore-offshore VERTEX transect, were compared with those found at four shallow California continental margin stations. The three VERTEX profiles shared similar features: very low dissolved Fe levels (<0.1 nmol kg -1) in surface waters, increasing amounts with depth, and maxima (∼1.0-1.3 nmol kg -1) in association with the oxygen minimum. In contrast, concentrations as high as 9 nmol kg -1 of dissolved Fe were found at the shallow margin stations, in association with elevated levels of Mn (17 nmol kg -1) and Co (200 pmol kg -1). Inshore and offshore Fe distributions were evaluated in relation to the phytoplankton's requirement for this essential element. Local shelf diagenetic Fe input appears to be adequate for phytoplankton growth even in environments where increased demand results from the upwelling of major nutrients. However, the Fe laterally mixed out into the ocean's interior within the oxygen minimum and supplied to the surface via vertical mixing processes provides only a few percent of open ocean phytoplankton demand; the other 95% must be provided by atmospheric input. We also consider environments in which Fe supplies may be limiting phytoplankton growth; i.e. surface waters of the Subarctic and Antarctic, where major nutrients are never depleted. We postulate that atmospheric Fe input rates are not high enough to meet the elevated phytoplankton demand resulting from offshore major nutrient upwelling. As a result, major nutrient depletion occurs only along continental margins and ice edges, where Fe supplies should be adequate. Atmospheric dust concentrations were one to two orders of magnitude higher in glacial times than those in the present and last interglacial periods. The lower glacial atmospheric CO 2 levels, which resulted from the increased biological utilization of major nutrients at high latitudes, may have been stimulated by the enhanced availability of atmospheric Fe. © 1988., Cited By (since 1996):241, ,
Author: Martin, Michael Gordon
Date: 1988-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Cadmium in plankton: Elevated concentrations of Baja California,
Description: 135 Plankton samples were collected in the northwest Pacific Ocean and analyzed for their cadmium content. Concentrations were generally low (2 to 5 micrograms of cadmium per gram, dry wt) in all samples, except for the plankton collected off Baja California, where high values (10 to 20 parts per million) were consistently found on 2 cruises., Cited By (since 1996):24, Oceanography, CODEN: SCIEA, ,
Author: Martin, Broenkow
Date: 1975-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Contamination of biological samples by ingested sediment,
Description: Cited By (since 1996):8, CODEN: MPNBA, An inorganic residue, presumed to be ingested sediment, was found in the rocky intertidal gastropods Tegula funebralis and Acmaea scabra and the estuarcopepods Acartia tonsa and A. clausi. When expressed as a percentage of the sample weight, this residue fraction often correlated significantly with the elemental concentrations measured in the organisms., ,
Author: Flegal, Martin
Date: 1977-01-01T00:00:00Z

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