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Title: Upwelling age: An indicator of local tendency for coastal upwelling
Description: A proxy named "upwelling age", defined as the ratio of wind time scale to "advection time", was developed to quantify the local tendency for coastal upwelling. The formulation of the "advection time" was derived from Ekman theory. A 3D numerical model was used to validate and refine the theoretical formula by simulating a total of 30 cases of different bottom topographies and wind stresses. The results agree reasonably well with the theoretical formulation although some modifications are necessary. The final formulation of the "advection time" was parameterized as a function of pycnocline depth, bottom slope, and wind stress. © 2011 The Oceanographic Society of Japan and Springer., Cited By (since 1996):1, Oceanography
Author: Jiang, Breaker, Yan
Date: 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: A model for estimating cross-shore surface transport with application to the New Jersey Shelf,
Description: A one-dimensional, steady state numerical model is developed for estimating cross-shore surface transport in shallow waters, where the water depth is comparable to boundary layer thickness. The model is used to solve a momentum equation which describes the cross-shore balance. To validate the model, acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) current data collected during an experiment off the New Jersey shelf in the summer of 1996 are used to estimate the cross-shore surface transport during that period and then compared with model predictions based on the local wind. The success of the model in estimating the cross-shore surface transport leads to an improved version of the conventional upwelling index (i.e., the Bakun Index), particularly for coastal areas with wide and shallow shelves, such as the east coast of the United States. Finally, the model, because of its simplicity, is well suited for operational applications where computational resources may be limited. Copyright 2010 by the American Geophysical Union., Cited By (since 1996):2, Art. No.: C04017, , , Oceanography
Author: Jiang, Breaker, Yan
Date: 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: A numerical study on the role of wind forcing, bottom topography, and nonhydrostacy in coastal upwelling
Description: The responses of coastal upwelling to different magnitudes of wind stress over a narrow and a wide shelf are studied using a 3-D primitive equation numerical model. The results show that the position of the upwelling front depends on both the strength and the duration of the wind forcing. The comparison between different shelf widths shows that wide shelf will limit the cold water intrusion, so that the corresponding decrease in sea surface temperature is less compared to narrow shelves. Besides, the difference between hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic model results shows that nonhydrostatic effects will enhance the growth of surface meandering, and can be more pronounced near steep fronts. Although difference does exist, our results show that the nonhydrostatic effects are very small at least in this idealized study case. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd., Cited By (since 1996):1, CODEN: ECSSD, Oceanography
Author: Jiang, Yan, Tseng, Breaker
Date: 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z