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Title: Radiometric age validation of Atlantic tarpon, Megalops atlanticus,
Description: An improved radiometric aging technique was used to examine annulus-derived age estimates from otoliths of the Atlantic tarpon, Megalops atlanticus. Whole otoliths from juvenile fish and otolith cores, representing the first 2 years of growth, from adult fish were used to determine 210Pb and 226Ra activity; six age groups consisting of pooled otoliths and nine individual otolith cores were aged. This unprecedented use of individual otolith cores to determine age was possible because of improvements made to the 226Ra determination technique. The disequilibria of 210Pb:226Ra for these samples were used to determine radiometric age. Annulus-derived age estimates did not agree closely with radiometric age determinations. In most cases, the precision (CV≤12%) among the otolith readings could not explain the differences. The greatest radiometric age was 78.0 yr for a 2045-mm-FL female, where the radiometric error encompassed the annulus-derived age estimate of 55 yr by about 4 yr. The greatest radiometric age for males was 41.0 yr for a 1588-mm-FL tarpon, where the radiometric error encompassed the annulus-derived age estimate of 32 yr by 1 yr. Radiometric age determinations in this study indicated that the interpretation of growth zones in Atlantic tarpon otoliths can be difficult, and in some cases may be inaccurate. This study provides conclusive evidence that the longevity of the Atlantic tarpon is greater than 30 years for males and greater than 50 years for females., Cited By (since 1996):9, CODEN: FSYBA, ,
Author: Andrews, Burton, Coale, Cailliet, Crabtree
Date: 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: The feasibility of bomb radiocarbon analysis to support an age-at-length relationship for red abalone, Haliotis rufescens swainson in northern California,
Description: Cited By (since 1996):2, Downloaded from: www.bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.2983/0730-8000-27.5.1177 (3 July 2014)., , , ,
Author: Leaf, Andrews, Cailliet, Brown
Date: 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Fish faunal and habitat analyses using trawls, camera sleds and submersibles in benthic deep-sea habitats off central California,
Description: Beam trawl, camera sled and submersible data from 2 000-3 300 m off central California produced similar fish faunal composition, but different density estimates. All species caught in trawls were observed in camera-sled and submersible observations. However, some rare species that were observed were not caught in trawls. The fish fauna was dominated by the families Macrouridae, Zoarcidae, Moridae, and Rajidae. Fishes both trawled and observed were the macrourids Coryphaenoides armatus, C. filifer and C. leptolepis; the zoarcids Bothrocara spp., Pachycara lepinium and Lycenchelys spp.; the morid Antimora microlepis; the rajid Bathyraja trachura, the ophidiid Spectrunculus grandis, and the liparidid Careproctus ovigerum. One unidentified liparidid (Paraliparis sp.) and two unidentified Lycenchelys spp. were trawled and may have been seen but also could not be identified to species from photographs. Observed only in photographs were the liparidids Paraliparis rosaceus and Careproctus melanurus, synodontid Bathysaurus mollis, and notocanthid Notacanthus chemnitzii. These three techniques differed in their ability to provide specimens for accurate identification, counts, and later life history (feeding habit, age and growth, and reproduction) studies, and to provide information on dispersion, habitat utilization, behavior and interactions. Accurate density estimates were undoubtedly hampered by trawl and camera sled avoidance, escape, and uncertainties concerning the area trawled. Camera sleds produced higher (and perhaps better) estimates of density. Submersible observations from the DSV Alvin produced a similar species list but little additional, quantitative information. Both visual techniques allowed habitat characterization, but no strong faunal associations with habitat types were observed., Cited By (since 1996):29, CODEN: OCACD, ,
Author: Cailliet, Andrews, Wakefield, Moreno, Rhodes
Date: 1999-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Radiometric age validation of Atlantic tarpon, Megalops atlanticus,
Description: Cited By (since 1996):10, , , ,
Author: Andrews, Burton, Coale, Cailliet, Crabtree
Date: 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Assessment of radiometric dating for age validation of deep-water dogfish (Order: Squaliformes) finspines
Description: Vertebrae of most deep-water sharks are too poorly calcified to record visible growth bands and therefore are not useful for age determination. Most dogfish species (Order: Squaliformes) possess dorsal finspines and several recent studies have shown that these structures offer potential for age determination. Age validation should be central to any age determination study, yet to date no age and growth study of deep-water sharks has included a complete validation of age estimates. In this study we sought to age two deep-water dogfish species by analyzing 210Pb and 226Ra incorporated into the internal dentin of the finspines. These radiometric age estimates were compared with counts of internal growth bands observed in the finspines. A pilot study indicated that dorsal finspines of Centroselachus crepidater are too small and thus offer insufficient mass for the radiometric techniques employed in this study. For ageing larger finspines of Centrophorus squamosus, the lead-radium disequilibria method (ingrowth of 210Pb from 226Ra) was found to be inapplicable due to exogenous uptake of 210Pb in the finspine. Therefore, to approximate age, we measured the decay of 210Pb within the dentin material at the tip of the finspine (formed in utero), relative to the terminal material at the base of the finspine. Results with this method proved to be inconsistent and did not yield reliable age estimates. Hence the use of 210Pb and 226Ra for radiometric age determination and validation using dorsal finspines from these deep-water dogfishes was deemed unsuccessful. This outcome was likely due to violations of the consistent, life-long isotopic uptake assumption as well as the provision that the finspine must function as a closed system for these radioisotopes. Future improvements in analytical precision will allow for smaller samples to be analyzed, potentially yielding a better understanding of the fate of these radioisotopes within finspine dentin throughout the life of the shark. © 2013 Elsevier B.V., Fish and Fisheries
Author: Cotton, Andrews, Cailliet, Grubbs, Irvine, Musick
Date: 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Age and growth of two genera of deep-sea bamboo corals (Family Isididae) in New Zealand waters,
Description: We provide a detailed description of growth zone counts at two locations in the skeletal structure of four bamboo coral colonies (Family Isididae, sub-family Keratoisidinae, genera Lepidisis spp. and Keratoisis sp. from New Zealand). Zone counts were made microscopically on skeletal cross-sections of calcareous internodes producing counts of up to 90 for Lepidisis spp. and 160 for Keratoisis sp. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images taken of cross-sections at the junction of the calcareous internode and gorgonin node revealed clear zone resolution and produced counts that were substantially higher (a maximum 490 zones). Lead-210 dating was applied to the skeletal structure of one specimen of Lepidisis sp. to develop an independent estimate of age and growth. Radial micro-sampling of the skeletal carbonate indicated the age of the colony at the largest section (7.4 mm average radius) was 43 yrs old (26-61 yrs 95% CI), with an average radial growth rate of 0.18 mm yr -1 (0.13-0.29 mm yr-1 95% CI). Comparisons between the three age estimates for Lepidisis sp. were made and it was hypothesized that zones observed by light microscope have a bi-annual periodicity and that SEM-observed zones at the nodal juncture may represent an environmental event, such as lunar periodicity. © 2007 Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science of the University of Miami., Cited By (since 1996):25, Invertebrates, CODEN: BMRSA, ,
Author: Tracey, Neil, Marriott, Andrews, Cailliet, Sanchez
Date: 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Radiometric age validation of the yelloweye rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus) from southeastern Alaska,
Description: Cited By (since 1996):23, , , ,
Author: Andrews, Cailliet, Coale, Munk, Mahoney, O'Connell
Date: 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Age, growth and radiometric age validation of a deep-sea, habitat-forming gorgonian (Primnoa resedaeformis) from the Gulf of Alaska,
Description: Sustainable fisheries require (1) viable stock populations with appropriate harvest limits and (2) appropriate habitat for fish to survive, forage, seek refuge, grow and reproduce. Some deep-water habitats, such as those formed by deep-water stands of coral, may be vulnerable to fishing disturbance. The rate at which habitat can be restored is a critical aspect of fishery management. The purpose of this study was to characterize growth rates for a habitat-forming deep-sea coral. Two nearly complete colonies of red tree coral (Primnoa resedaeformis) collected from waters off southeast Alaska were used for an analysis of age and growth characteristics. CAT scans revealed that colonies consisted of multiple settlement events, where older basal structures provided for settlement of new colonies. The decay of 210Pb over the length of the colony was used to validate age estimates from growth ring counts. Age estimates were over 100 yr for sections near the heavily calcified base. Based on validated growth ring counts, growth of red tree coral ranged from 1.60 to 2.32 cm per year in height and was approximately 0.36 mm per year in diameter. These growth rates suggest that the fishery habitat created by red tree coral is extremely vulnerable to bottom fishing activities and may take over 100 years to recover., Cited By (since 1996):69, Fish and Fisheries, CODEN: HYDRB, ,
Author: Andrews, Cordes, Mahoney, Munk, Coale, Cailliet, Heifetz
Date: 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Bomb radiocarbon dating of the endangered white abalone (Haliotis sorenseni): Investigations of age, growth and lifespan
Description: Understanding basic life-history characteristics of white abalone (Haliotis sorenseni), such as estimated lifespan, is critical to making informed decisions regarding the recovery of this endangered species. All predictive modelling tools used to forecast the status and health of populations following restoration activities depend on a validated estimate of adult lifespan. Of the seven Haliotis species in California, white abalone is considered to have the highest extinction risk and was the first marine invertebrate listed as an endangered species under the Federal Endangered Species Act (ESA). Lifespan was previously estimated from observations of early growth; however, no study has generated ages for the largest white abalone. To address questions of age and growth, bomb radiocarbon (Δ14C) dating was used on shells from large white abalone. Measured bomb Δ14C levels were compared to regional Δ14C reference records to provide estimates of age, growth and lifespan. Bomb radiocarbon dating indicated that growth was variable among individuals, with a maximum estimated age of 27 years. The findings presented here provide support for previous age and growth estimates and an estimated lifespan near 30 years. These age data support the perception of a critical need for restoring the remnant aging and potentially senescent population. © CSIRO 2013., Fish & Fisheries, CODEN: AJMFA
Author: Andrews, Leaf, Rogers-Bennett, Neuman, Hawk, Cailliet
Date: 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Using x-ray microscopy and Hg L3 XANES to study Hg binding in the rhizosphere of spartina cordgrass,
Description: San Francisco Bay has been contaminated historically by mercury from mine tailings as well as contemporary industrial sources. Native Spartina foliosa and non-native S. alterniflora-hybrid cordgrasses are dominant florae within the SF Bay estuary environment. Understanding mercury uptake and transformations in these plants will help to characterize the significance of their roles in mercury biogeochemical cycling in the estuarine environment. Methylated mercury can be biomagnified up the food web, resulting in levels in sport fish up to 1 million times greater than in surrounding waters and resulting in advisories to limit fish intake. Understanding the uptake and methylation of mercury in the plant rhizosphere can yield insight into ways to manage mercury contamination. The transmission X-ray microscope on beamline 6-2 at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) was used to obtain absorption contrast images and 3D tomography of Spartina foliosa roots that were exposed to 1 ppm Hg (as HgCl2) hydroponically for 1 week. Absorption contrast images of micrometer-sized roots from S. foliosa revealed dark particles, and dark channels within the root, due to Hg absorption. 3D tomography showed that the particles are on the root surface, and slices from the tomographic reconstruction revealed that the particles are hollow, consistent with microorganisms with a thin layer of Hg on the surface. Hg L3 XANES of ground-up plant roots and Hg L3 micro-XANES from microprobe analysis of micrometer-sized roots (60-120 μm in size) revealed three main types of speciation in both Spartina species: Hg-S ligation in a form similar to Hg(II) cysteine, Hg-S bonding as in cinnabar and metacinnabar, and methylmercury- carboxyl bonding in a form similar to methylmercury acetate. These results are interpreted within the context of obtaining a "snapshot" of mercury methylation in progress. © 2009 American Chemical Society., Cited By (since 1996):27, CODEN: ESTHA, ,
Author: Patty, Barnett, Mooney, Kahn, Levy, Liu, Pianetta, Andrews
Date: 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Radiometric age validation of the yelloweye rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus) from southeastern Alaska,
Description: The yelloweye rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus), a dominant component of an important deep-water rockfish fishery of the Gulf of Alaska, is thought to be long-lived with an estimated longevity exceeding 100 years. For the purpose of monitoring stocks, age is routinely estimated by counting growth zones in otolith cross-sections using the break-and-burn technique; however, such age estimates for this species have remained unvalidated. To evaluate these age data, age estimations from the break-and-burn technique were corroborated by comparing results from transverse sectioning of otoliths. The agreement between the techniques was excellent and each technique had a very low coefficient of variation (3.6% and 4.5%). Radiometric age validation of these estimates was performed on the otolith core material (first three years of growth) of pooled age groups having an average estimated age of 27.4-101.4 years. Agreement was variable and somewhat subjective, but radiometric data support ages estimated from otolith growth zone counts. The strongest support for age that exceeds 100 years comes from the observation that as age derived from growth zones approached and exceeded 100 years, the sample ratios measured (210Pb:226Ra) approached equilibrium. The radiometric results of our study validate the estimates derived from growth zones and the age estimating procedures, which confirms that the longevity of yelloweye rockfish exceeds 100 years., Cited By (since 1996):22, CODEN: AJMFA, ,
Author: Andrews, Cailliet, Coale, Munk, Mahoney, O'Connell
Date: 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Recent increase in atmospheric deposition of mercury to California aquatic systems inferred from a 300-year geochronological assessment of lake sediments,
Description: Age-dated sediment cores from 4 remote lakes across California were analyzed for total Hg (Hg T) concentration as a function of pre- and post-industrialization. Particle size, magnetic susceptibility and organic C and N, were measured to determine if the Hg concentration in sediment cores could be related to atmospheric deposition and/or watershed processes. Results indicate that (a) for each lake modern (1970-2004) Hg T lake sediment concentrations have increased by an average factor of 5 times more than historic (pre-1850) Hg T concentrations; (b) the ratio of modern to pre-industrial lake sediment Hg T for these lakes are higher than estimated for other locations where atmospheric deposition is presumed to be the main source of Hg; (c) 2 of the 4 studied lakes demonstrated significant relationships between Hg T concentrations and percentage organic material (r 2 = 0.68 and p < 0.01; r 2 = 0.67 and p < 0.01) whereas the other two indicated no significant relationship (r 2 = 0.05 and p = 0.51; r 2 = 0.12 and p = 0.36). © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved., Cited By (since 1996):13, CODEN: APPGE, ,
Author: Sanders, Coale, Gill, Andrews, Stephenson
Date: 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Age of black coral (Antipathes dendrochristos) colonies, with notes on associated invertebrate species,
Description: In 2005, a dead 2.1-m high colony of the Christmas tree black coral, Antipathes dendrochristos Opresko, 2005, was collected from 106 m of water off southern California. Based on growth increment counts, a radiocarbon ( 14C) analysis, and an indirect corroboration by lead-210 dating from a second, live colony, the colony was about 140 yrs old when it died. The dead skeleton was heavily colonized by invertebrates with 2554 individuals living on the colony. Corophioid amphipods, sea anemones, brittle stars, and crinoids dominated this assemblage. Thus, along with living colonies, it is arguable that the destruction of dead antipatharian colonies may have as yet unknown effects on a range of deep-water organisms. © 2007 Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science of the University of Miami., Cited By (since 1996):13, Invertebrates, CODEN: BMRSA, ,
Author: Love, Yoklavich, Black, Andrews
Date: 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Age, growth and radiometric age validation of a deep-sea, habitat-forming gorgonian (Primnoa resedaeformis) from the Gulf of Alaska,
Description: Cited By (since 1996):81, , , ,
Author: Andrews, Cordes, Mahoney, Munk, Coale, Cailliet, Heifetz
Date: 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Lead-radium dating of orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus): Validation of a centenarian life span,
Description: Life-span estimates for orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) range from ∼20 years to well over 100 years. In this study, an improved lead-radium dating technique provided independent age estimates from sagittal otoliths. This technique used the known properties of radioactivity for lead-210 and radium-226 to determine the validity of fish age estimates. An improvement to lead-radium dating using mass spectrometry allowed the use of smaller samples than previously possible; therefore, an application was made to otolith cores, the first few years of otolith growth. This approach circumvented the use of whole otoliths and alleviated many of the assumptions that were necessary in previous lead-radium dating applications. Hence, it was possible to critically evaluate lead-radium dating as a tool in fish age validation. The measurement of lead-radium ratios for a series of age groups that consisted of otolith cores, grouped based on growth-zone counts from thin sections, showed a high degree of correlation to the expected lead-radium ingrowth curve. This finding provided support for age estimation procedures using thin otolith sectioning. As independent estimates of age, the results indicated that fish in the oldest age group were at least 93 years old, providing robust support for a centenarian life span., Cited By (since 1996):14, CODEN: CJFSD, ,
Author: Andrews, Tracey, Dunn
Date: 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: The feasibility of bomb radiocarbon analysis to support an age-at-length relationship for red abalone, Haliotis rufescens Swainson in northern California,
Description: Analysis of bomb generated radiocarbon (14C) changes in a red abalone, Haliotis rufescens Swainson shell was used to evaluate age-at-length relationships derived from data from a previous multiyear, multisite tag-recapture study. Shell carbonate was extracted from four successive growth trajectory locations in a single shell with a maximum shell length of 251 mm. Extraction locations were based on Von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF) predictions and chosen to span the initial rise of the 14C-bomb pulse that is known to have occurred in surface ocean waters during 1958 ±1 y in the northeast Pacific. The close temporal correspondence of the red abalone sample series to regional Δ14C records demonstrated the utility of the technique for validating age-at-length relationships for the red abalone. The findings provided support for a mean VBGF derived age of 32 y (range 30-33 y) for the specimen; however, the analysis of 14C data indicated that the specimen could be older., Cited By (since 1996):1, CODEN: JSHRD, , , Invertebrates
Author: Leaf, Andrews, Cailliet, Brown
Date: 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Does large-scale ocean circulation structure life history connectivity in antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni)?,
Description: A multidisciplinary approach incorporating otolith chemistry, age data, and numerical Lagrangian particle simulations indicated a single, self-recruiting population of Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) in the Southeast Pacific Basin (SPB) and Ross Sea, with a life history structured by the large-scale circulation. Chemistry deposited prior to capture along otolith edges demonstrated strong environmental heterogeneity, yet the chemistry in otolith nuclei, deposited during early life, showed no differences. Age data showed only adult fish in catches on the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge in the SPB and structuring of life stages consistent with transport pathways from the northern Ross Sea. Lagrangian particle simulations predicted that early life stages following the flow in the SPB would be transported to areas in the Ross Sea where juveniles are caught, whereas the circulation would facilitate adult movement along the shelf slope and back into the SPB where spawning adults are caught. These results suggest that successfully spawning fish spend only a part of their adult life history in the Ross Sea, areas in the eastern Ross Sea contribute disproportionately to the spawning population, and areas in the southwestern Ross Sea may supply fisheries in the southern Indian Ocean., Cited By (since 1996):1, Fish and Fisheries, CODEN: CJFSD, ,
Author: Ashford, Dinniman, Brooks, Andrews, Hofmann, Cailliet, Jones, Ramanna
Date: 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Application of radiometric age determination to three long-lived fishes using 210Pb:226Ra disequilibria in calcified structures: A review
Author: Burton, Andrews, Coale, Cailliet, Musick
Date: 1999-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Using bomb radiocarbon analyses to validate age and growth estimates for the tiger shark, Galeocerdo cuvier, in the western North Atlantic,
Description: Refined and validated age and growth determinations are necessary for a proper understanding of tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) life history characteristics in the western North Atlantic (WNA). Age and growth estimates were derived from band counts of 238-sectioned vertebral centra. Bomb radiocarbon analysis of ten band pairs extracted from four vertebral sections suggested that band pairs are deposited annually up to age 20. Males and females were aged to 20 and 22 years, respectively, although longevity estimates predict maximum ages of 27 and 29 years, respectively. Two- and three-parameter von Bertalanffy and Gompertz growth functions fit to length at age data demonstrated that growth rates were similar for males and females up to around 200 cm fork length (FL) after which male growth slowed. Both sexes appear to reach maturity at age 10. The two-parameter von Bertalanffy growth function provided the best biological fit to length at age data generating parameter estimates of: L ∞ = 330 cm FL, k = 0.131 for males and L ∞ = 347 cm FL, k = 0.124 for females, with L 0 set at 62 cm FL. This study provides a rigorous description of tiger shark age and growth in the WNA and further demonstrates the utility of bomb radiocarbon as an age validation tool for elasmobranch fish. © 2008 Springer-Verlag., Cited By (since 1996):6, Fish and Fisheries, CODEN: MBIOA, ,
Author: Kneebone, Natanson, Andrews, Howell
Date: 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z